Functional gene assessment of bread wheat: breeding implications in Ningxia Province

Abstract Background The overall genetic distribution and divergence of cloned genes among bread wheat varieties that have occurred during the breeding process over past few decades in Ningxia Province, China, are poorly understood. Here, we report diversities 44 important related to grain yield, quality, adaptation resistance 121 86 introduced cultivars advanced lines. Results population structure indicated characteristics components wheat, including landraces particular resources, with rich modern different periods. Analysis allele frequencies showed dwarfing alleles Rht-B1b at Rht-B1 Rht-D1b Rht-D1 , 1BL/1RS translocation, Hap-1 GW2-6B Hap-H Sus2-2B very frequently present from other regions but absent landraces. This indicates germplasm numerous beneficial is vital for broadening diversity varieties. Large differentiation between has genes. Founder parents carry excellent combinations genes, a higher number favorable than cultivars. Gene flow analysis six founder greatly contributed improvement particularly Zhou 8425B, yield-related Conclusions Varieties well-adapted resources been applied improve parents, Province. These findings will benefit Province as well areas similar ecological environments.